On Jun 25, 10:17 am, peugeot888 <peugeot...@tom.com> wrote:
> Gardner TED for BPSk is e(r)=y(r-1/2)[y(r)-y(r-1)].that mean the
> e(r) is related to y's amplitude and so related to
> signal's power. But TED is attend to give a phasic error,which is
> in[0,2*pi] and unrelated to signal's power. How
> can I get the e(r) in zone [0,2*pi]? What's the normalization method?

Think of the TED as a "timing delay to number" converter, and the NCD
(numerically-controlled delay) that follows the loop filter as a
"number to timing delay" converter ...